Agent Testing Patterns Test AI agent systems that use tools, make decisions, and produce non-deterministic outputs. Testing Challenges | Challenge | Cause | Strategy | |-----------|-------|----------| | Non-deterministic output | LLM randomness | Assert on structure, not exact text | | Tool use sequences | Agent autonomy | Verify tool calls, not call order | | Multi-turn state | Conversation context | Snapshot-based assertions | | Cost | API calls | Mock LLM in unit tests | | Latency | API round-trips | Parallel test execution | | Flakiness | Model updates | Semantic assertions, not string ma…