Audio Engineering Patterns Technical foundations for audio production and sound design. Signal Flow Fundamentals The Audio Chain Gain Staging Maintain optimal levels at each stage: | Stage | Target Level | Headroom | |-------|--------------|----------| | Recording | -18 to -12 dBFS | 12-18 dB | | Processing | -18 to -12 dBFS | 12-18 dB | | Mix Bus | -6 to -3 dBFS | 3-6 dB | | Master | -1 to -0.3 dBFS | True peak limit | Rule : If a plugin sounds bad, check your input level first. --- Frequency Fundamentals The Spectrum | Range | Frequency | Character | Instruments | |-------|-----------|-----…