Constant-Time Testing Timing attacks exploit variations in execution time to extract secret information from cryptographic implementations. Unlike cryptanalysis that targets theoretical weaknesses, timing attacks leverage implementation flaws - and they can affect any cryptographic code. Background Timing attacks were introduced by Kocher in 1996. Since then, researchers have demonstrated practical attacks on RSA (Schindler), OpenSSL (Brumley and Boneh), AES implementations, and even post-quantum algorithms like Kyber. Key Concepts | Concept | Description | |---------|-------------| | Constan…