Data Visualization Principles and best practices for effective data visualization. Core Principles Tufte's Foundations Data-Ink Ratio : Maximize ink used for actual data - Remove unnecessary gridlines, borders, backgrounds - Eliminate 3D effects, shadows, decorative elements - Every visual element must justify its existence Lie Factor : Graphical representation must match data - Lie Factor = Size of Effect in Graphic / Size of Effect in Data - Ideal = 1. Substantial distortion when 1.05 or <0.95 - Avoid: non-zero baselines, inconsistent scales, 3D distortion Chart Junk : Remove non-data ink a…