Hardware Performance Counters Purpose Guide agents through hardware performance counter analysis: collecting PMU events with , using the PAPI library for portable counter access, interpreting cache miss rates and branch misprediction ratios, computing IPC, and correlating events to source lines with . Triggers - "How do I measure cache miss rate with perf?" - "How do I count branch mispredictions?" - "How do I compute IPC (instructions per clock) with perf?" - "How do I use the PAPI library for hardware counters?" - "How do I see which source lines cause the most cache misses?" - "How do I me…