Health Checks & Graceful Shutdown Health Check Endpoint (Express) Graceful Shutdown (Node.js) Kubernetes Probes Spring Boot Actuator Probe Types | Probe | Purpose | Failure Action | |-------|---------|---------------| | Liveness | Is the process alive? | Restart container | | Readiness | Can it serve traffic? | Remove from load balancer | | Startup | Has it finished initializing? | Don't check liveness yet | Anti-Patterns | Anti-Pattern | Fix | |--------------|-----| | Liveness check hits database | Liveness = process alive only; readiness = dependencies | | No graceful shutdown | Handle SIGT…