Swift Protocol-Oriented Programming Introduction Protocol-oriented programming (POP) is Swift's paradigm for building flexible, composable abstractions without the rigid hierarchies of class inheritance. Protocols define interfaces that types can adopt, while protocol extensions provide default implementations and capabilities to multiple types simultaneously. This approach offers the flexibility of composition, the performance of static dispatch, and the ability to extend value types like structs and enums. POP is foundational to Swift's standard library and enables powerful patterns for cod…