Time Value of Money Purpose This skill enables Claude to perform present value, future value, and discounted cash flow calculations across all standard compounding conventions. It covers annuities, perpetuities, amortization schedules, NPV, and IRR, providing the foundational building blocks for virtually all financial valuation and planning tasks. Layer 0 — Mathematical Foundations Direction both (retrospective for valuing past cash flows, prospective for projecting future values) When to Use - Discounting future cash flows - Building amortization tables - Comparing investments with differen…